The sprung mass is the mass of the vehicle supported on the springs, while the unsprung mass is loosely defined as the mass between the road and the suspension springs. Air springs from this era were made from air-filled, leather diaphragms, much like a bellows they were replaced with molded-rubber air springs in the 1930s.īased on where springs are located on a car - i.e., between the wheels and the frame - engineers often find it convenient to talk about the sprung mass and the unsprung mass. The technology is used in many luxury vehicles today, but the concept is actually more than a century old and could be found on horse-drawn buggies. Air springs consist of a cylindrical chamber of air positioned between the wheel and the car's body, and use the compressive qualities of air to absorb wheel vibrations.European carmakers used this system extensively, as did Packard and Chrysler in the United States, through the 1950s and 1960s. The torsion bar then twists along its axis to provide the spring force.
When the wheel hits a bump, vertical motion is transferred to the wishbone and then, through the levering action, to the torsion bar. The other end is attached to a wishbone, which acts like a lever that moves perpendicular to the torsion bar. This is how they work: One end of a bar is anchored to the vehicle frame.
They are still used today on most trucks and heavy-duty vehicles. Leaf springs were first used on horse-drawn carriages and were found on most American automobiles until 1985. Leaf springs consist of several layers of metal (called "leaves") bound together to act as a single unit.Coil springs compress and expand to absorb the motion of the wheels.
Coil springs are the most common type of spring and is, in essence, a heavy-duty torsion bar coiled around an axis.
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